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Convert to a date-time

Source: R/posixt.R
as_date_time.Rd

as_date_time() is a generic function that converts its input to a date-time (POSIXct).

There are methods for converting dates (Date), calendars, time points, and zoned-times to date-times.

For converting to a date, see as_date().

Usage

as_date_time(x, ...)

# S3 method for class 'POSIXt'
as_date_time(x, ...)

# S3 method for class 'Date'
as_date_time(x, zone, ..., nonexistent = NULL, ambiguous = NULL)

# S3 method for class 'clock_calendar'
as_date_time(x, zone, ..., nonexistent = NULL, ambiguous = NULL)

# S3 method for class 'clock_sys_time'
as_date_time(x, zone, ...)

# S3 method for class 'clock_naive_time'
as_date_time(x, zone, ..., nonexistent = NULL, ambiguous = NULL)

# S3 method for class 'clock_zoned_time'
as_date_time(x, ...)

Arguments

x

[vector]

A vector.

...

These dots are for future extensions and must be empty.

zone

[character(1)]

The zone to convert to.

nonexistent

[character / NULL]

One of the following nonexistent time resolution strategies, allowed to be either length 1, or the same length as the input:

  • "roll-forward": The next valid instant in time.

  • "roll-backward": The previous valid instant in time.

  • "shift-forward": Shift the nonexistent time forward by the size of the daylight saving time gap.

  • "shift-backward: Shift the nonexistent time backward by the size of the daylight saving time gap.

  • "NA": Replace nonexistent times with NA.

  • "error": Error on nonexistent times.

Using either "roll-forward" or "roll-backward" is generally recommended over shifting, as these two strategies maintain the relative ordering between elements of the input.

If NULL, defaults to "error".

If getOption("clock.strict") is TRUE, nonexistent must be supplied and cannot be NULL. This is a convenient way to make production code robust to nonexistent times.

ambiguous

[character / zoned_time / POSIXct / list(2) / NULL]

One of the following ambiguous time resolution strategies, allowed to be either length 1, or the same length as the input:

  • "earliest": Of the two possible times, choose the earliest one.

  • "latest": Of the two possible times, choose the latest one.

  • "NA": Replace ambiguous times with NA.

  • "error": Error on ambiguous times.

Alternatively, ambiguous is allowed to be a zoned_time (or POSIXct) that is either length 1, or the same length as the input. If an ambiguous time is encountered, the zoned_time is consulted. If the zoned_time corresponds to a naive_time that is also ambiguous and uses the same daylight saving time transition point as the original ambiguous time, then the offset of the zoned_time is used to resolve the ambiguity. If the ambiguity cannot be resolved by consulting the zoned_time, then this method falls back to NULL.

Finally, ambiguous is allowed to be a list of size 2, where the first element of the list is a zoned_time (as described above), and the second element of the list is an ambiguous time resolution strategy to use when the ambiguous time cannot be resolved by consulting the zoned_time. Specifying a zoned_time on its own is identical to list(<zoned_time>, NULL).

If NULL, defaults to "error".

If getOption("clock.strict") is TRUE, ambiguous must be supplied and cannot be NULL. Additionally, ambiguous cannot be specified as a zoned_time on its own, as this implies NULL for ambiguous times that the zoned_time cannot resolve. Instead, it must be specified as a list alongside an ambiguous time resolution strategy as described above. This is a convenient way to make production code robust to ambiguous times.

Value

A date-time with the same length as x.

Details

Note that clock always assumes that R's Date class is naive, so converting a Date to a POSIXct will always attempt to retain the printed year, month, and day. Where possible, the resulting time will be at midnight (00:00:00), but in some rare cases this is not possible due to daylight saving time. If that issue ever arises, an error will be thrown, which can be resolved by explicitly supplying nonexistent or ambiguous.

This is not a drop-in replacement for as.POSIXct(), as it only converts a limited set of types to POSIXct. For parsing characters as date-times, see date_time_parse(). For converting numerics to date-times, see vctrs::new_datetime() or continue to use as.POSIXct().

Examples

x <- as.Date("2019-01-01")

# `as.POSIXct()` will always treat Date as UTC, but will show the result
# of the conversion in your system time zone, which can be somewhat confusing
if (rlang::is_installed("withr")) {
  withr::with_timezone("UTC", print(as.POSIXct(x)))
  withr::with_timezone("Europe/Paris", print(as.POSIXct(x)))
  withr::with_timezone("America/New_York", print(as.POSIXct(x)))
}
#> [1] "2019-01-01 UTC"
#> [1] "2019-01-01 UTC"
#> [1] "2019-01-01 UTC"

# `as_date_time()` will treat Date as naive, which means that the original
# printed date will attempt to be kept wherever possible, no matter the
# time zone. The time will be set to midnight.
as_date_time(x, "UTC")
#> [1] "2019-01-01 UTC"
as_date_time(x, "Europe/Paris")
#> [1] "2019-01-01 CET"
as_date_time(x, "America/New_York")
#> [1] "2019-01-01 EST"

# In some rare cases, this is not possible.
# For example, in Asia/Beirut, there was a DST gap from
# 2021-03-27 23:59:59 -> 2021-03-28 01:00:00,
# skipping the 0th hour entirely.
x <- as.Date("2021-03-28")
try(as_date_time(x, "Asia/Beirut"))
#> Error in as_zoned_time(x, zone = tz, nonexistent = nonexistent, ambiguous = ambiguous) : 
#>   Nonexistent time due to daylight saving time at location 1.
#> ℹ Resolve nonexistent time issues by specifying the `nonexistent` argument.

# To resolve this, set a `nonexistent` time resolution strategy
as_date_time(x, "Asia/Beirut", nonexistent = "roll-forward")
#> [1] "2021-03-28 01:00:00 EEST"


# You can also convert to date-time from other clock types
as_date_time(year_month_day(2019, 2, 3, 03), "America/New_York")
#> [1] "2019-02-03 03:00:00 EST"